October 25, 2011

Develop skills in scholarly disciplinary research

Many disciplines expect that students will develop the ability to conduct research using the scholarly disciplinary literature.  These research skills require information literacy skills in which the student can locate and evaluate sources of information. 

This tip describes a collaborative project developed for a survey-level American history course by a historian and a reference librarian.  This assignment could be adapted to courses in any discipline that uses visual materials (art work, artifacts, and photographs) as part of scholarly work. 

Learning Outcomes for the Assignment

• Students will locate, analyze, and use information appropriate for a college-level research and writing assignment.
• Students will describe important issues associated with the historical period represented by the image or artifact.
• Students will use specific library databases, the online catalog, and recommended web sites to locate scholarly sources.
• Students will evaluate whether the information located is appropriate and relevant for use in the assignment.
• Students will follow disciplinary practices for the ethical use of information and correctly cite sources of information using the disciplinary editorial style. 
• Students will create a citation database for their sources using a citation management tool such as RefWorks. 

Preparation

• Gather a collection of visual images associated with a specific historical era to be used by the students when completing this assignment.  Images can be downloaded from the internet, cited, and distributed to students in hard copy. 
• Select a large variety of visual images and topics so that students do not compete with one another for access to the same materials when completing the assignment.  When each student is assigned a unique image, the instructor reduces the temptation to copy or inappropriately collaborate with other students while completing the assignment.
• Share the images and a list of the topics covered by the visual sources with the reference librarian for your discipline to guide the librarian in the selection of appropriate databases for the library instruction workshop.

Assignment
Assign a different image or artifact to each student.  The student’s task is to write a 4-5 page essay that explains the image or artifact using information from scholarly sources and places the image or artifact in historical context. 

Students need approximately two to three weeks to complete the research and writing components of this assignment, including time to request and receive materials available only through inter-library loan.  Encourage students to meet with reference librarians out of class if they have additional questions about researching their image.

Essays must include the following elements

• Identify the image or artifact (photographer or creator of the image if known, the date of creation, location, subject, etc.).
• Explain the historical context in which the photograph was taken or the image created.
• Describe the content of the photograph, image, or artifact.
• Speculate about the likely goals the photographer/creator intended to meet when creating this work.  What did the creator hope an audience would learn from this image?  What responses were viewers expected to make?
• Discuss what contemporary viewers can learn about the historical period through study of this photo, image, or object.
• Provide complete citations for all sources used when completing the assignment. 
• Cite at least one book and one article located through an academic database.

Library instruction associated with the assignment
The students will need two consecutive class sessions with a reference librarian in the library classroom.  The first session is a library workshop demonstrating how to conduct searches in the appropriate library databases.  The second session should be devoted to a discussion of the ethical use of information and the importance of citing sources.  A brief demonstration of citation management software (e.g., RefWorks) can be provided or students can be referred to the library tutorial (http://libguides.uwf.edu/refworks).  In addition, students should use some time during this session to begin their search for information about their assigned image.  Both the instructor and the librarian should be available to answer specific questions about using the databases and evaluating the usefulness of information related to the images.

This tip is based on teaching strategy suggested by Suzanne K. McCormack, PhD (Department of History/Social Sciences and Center for Innovative Teaching, Learning & Assessment) and Susan G. Miller (Librarian), Community College of Rhode Island (http://www.ccri.edu/citla).

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March 8, 2011

Help students develop paraphrasing skills to help deter plagiarism

Although many discussions of academic integrity and plagiarism focus on failures in ethical reasoning, student problems with good authorship practices are often motivated by weaknesses in reading comprehension or skill in writing paraphrases (e.g., Roig, 2007).  Students frequently have problems paraphrasing ideas from primary sources because their understanding of the original work is weak.  Sometimes these problems manifest as an over-reliance on quotations.  The student who has difficulty paraphrasing might string together quoted material to create a paper and contribute few, if any, thoughts stated in the student’s own language.  Some students may attempt to disguise their reliance on quoted material by omitting the quotation marks (and, even worse, omitting a citation) and then discover they are now charged with plagiarism.

Use an in-class reading and paraphrasing activity to promote comprehension of source material and good authorship practices

• Assign a brief source passage for students to read and then write a one paragraph summary in which they describe or paraphrase an idea or argument presented by the author of the reading.  If you think this part of the activity will take too much time, assign this in advance and require students to bring their written paragraphs to class. 

• Use a pair-share activity in which students share their one-paragraph paraphrases with one another and evaluate how accurately they describe the original idea or argument and how well they use original language when writing their description. 

• After discussing their paragraphs in small groups, ask the students to draft an accurate paraphrase of the original passage as a group.  Describe the methods used in your discipline for providing a citation for the original passage and include an appropriate citation in the draft created by the class.

This exercise will give students practice in writing appropriate paraphrases.  It will also serve as an immediate source of feedback about how well they understood the original passage and the concepts discussed.  When the class develops a paraphrase that is both accurate and original, misunderstandings of the original ideas will be clarified and corrected.  The class will also get direct practice with good authorship practices.

Based in part on an audio workshop, Avoiding the Plagues & Pains of Plagiarism¸ presented by Caroline L. Eisner, Academic Coaching & Writing (www.AcademicCoachingandWriting.org), February 1, 2011.

Roig, M. (2007).  Some reflections on plagiarism:  The problem of paraphrasing in the sciences.  European Science Editing, 33, 38-41.

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February 1, 2011

Library online tutorials – not just for students!

The University of West Florida Libraries hosts a variety of online tutorials.  The index page lists a variety of topics, ranging from basic search strategies through discipline-specific library research skills, evaluating scholarly sources, writing skills and good authorship practices.

http://library.uwf.edu/tutorials/

Faculty can develop student skills with information literacy by assigning one or more of these tutorials to students.  Many of these tutorials include an online quiz that assesses the learning outcomes for the tutorial.  Results of these quizzes can be e-mailed to course instructors to verify student completion of the tutorial, use as a graded component of the course, or include in departmental assessments of program-level student learning outcomes.

Faculty will also find online tutorials (without quizzes!) that are useful for their professional needs.  One online tutorial provides information about how faculty can find data on the frequency with which their scholarly work has been cited and information on rankings and acceptance rates for the scholarly journals in which they publish.  These data are frequently included in tenure and promotion portfolios as part of the evidence to document the quality and impact of scholarly work.

The direct URL for the Faculty Promotion Resources tutorial is:
http://libguides.uwf.edu/citation

Each spring, CUTLA provides a workshop on preparing for tenure and promotion.  A panel of administrators involved with the review process and faculty who were successful candidates in the previous cycle will describe the process, give advice on preparing a portfolio, and answer questions posed by future candidates.  Check the CUTLA calendar for time and location each year.  This year, the T&P workshop will be held on February 4, 2011 in Conference Center Room A.  Lunch will be served at noon.  Discussion will begin shortly afterward and run until 2 PM.

 

Updated 10/25/11 cdw